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In medicine, the heart rate (HR) or heart rate refers to the number of cardiac actions during a certain unit of time (usually 1 minute), equivalent to bpm. It is made up of two phases that repeat rhythmically: a contraction phase (systole) and a subsequent relaxation phase (diastole). Sinus rhythm is the term used to describe the normo-frequent, regular heartbeat in humans.

During physical exertion, the heart rate increases under normal conditions. This mechanism is initially significantly influenced by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. The rate also increases during deep inspiration and decreases during deep expiration. This is influenced by the sympathetic function and is referred to as respiratory arrhythmia. The constant adaptation of the heart rate to the demands of the whole organism is also referred to as heart rate variability (HRV). The resting heart rate depends on various factors and is different for men and women (ideally measured in the morning before getting up). The following resting heart rate values should be taken as a rough guide:

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The ECG is a graphical representation of the currents generated by the heartbeat. A normal ECG analysis shows a characteristic curve. This curve consists of three phases that are repeated with each pumping cycle.